Academic World-Journal of Scientific and Engineering Innovation
The Journal of Scientific and Engineering Innovation (JSEI) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality research that fosters innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration. The journal provides a platform for scholars, educators, scientists, and professionals to disseminate original findings, theoretical insights, and practical advancements across the fields of science, education, and management. JSEI emphasizes the application of scientific principles and innovative thinking to solve real-world challenges, particularly in the context of emerging economies and developing academic ecosystems. It seeks to bridge the gap between research and implementation by welcoming studies that demonstrate both academic rigor and societal impact. Scope of the Journal JSEI welcomes articles in, but not limited to, the following areas: Applied Physics, Chemistry, Biology Pedagogy, curriculum development, STEM education, instructional technology Educational leadership, innovation management, organizational behavior, finance and development The journal publishes original research articles, review papers, short communications, case studies, and theoretical discussions that advance knowledge and practice.
All articles in this journal are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of Filling Station on the Resident’s Livability in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
The paper examines the impact of filling station on resident’s livability in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. The study took the inventory of filling stations in the study area, appraised residents’ livability in the area and examined the impact of filling stations on the resident’s livability. With the aid of Rasta map, four perimeter circular zones were established marking the ones that are 5m, 10m, 15m and 20m radius close to each filling station. The number of houses found within each of the four radii zones forms the size of sample for the questionnaire survey. The number of houses at each radius determines the number of questionnaire administration. Houses in the study area were sampled purposively. Hence a total of 213 houses were sampled and an adult representative responded to the questionnaire. The data was analyzed with statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Chi-square was used to test the impact of filling stations on the resident’s livability in relation to their distance to home. Findings showed that there are both positive and negative impacts on residents. Factors such as market opportunity, easy assess to fuel, security at night, increase in physical infrastructure are refer to as positive impact while the problems are traffic delay, environmental pollution, fire hazard and motor accident. It is however recommended that adequate guide should be provided for Ogbomoso Town which should guide the development of filling station.
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The Role of Forensic Accounting in Combating Financial Fraud in the Nigerian Public Sector
Public-sector corruption remains a significant obstacle to Nigeria’s socioeconomic development, necessitating effective anti-fraud measures. This study investigates the role of forensic accounting in detecting and combating financial fraud post-2015, following major governance reforms such as the Treasury Single Account (TSA) and Bank Verification Number (BVN) system. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative forensic analysis (Benford’s Law) of financial data from federal ministries (2015–2022) and qualitative surveys and interviews with forensic practitioners. Benford’s Law analysis identified significant anomalies indicative of financial manipulation in 40% of assessed ministries, especially where oversight was weaker. Surveys (n=73) and interviews (n=12) with forensic professionals confirmed improved fraud detection effectiveness since 2015, linking forensic accounting directly to successful prosecutions and reduced leakages. However, substantial challenges persist, including insufficient training, technological constraints, and political interference. The study reveals forensic accounting’s potential to strengthen anti-corruption efforts, advocating institutionalization of forensic units, extensive capacity building, investment in technology, enhanced legal frameworks, and improved transparency.
Exploration of Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Biofuels
Microalgae-derived biodiesel represents a promising renewable alternative to fossil fuels, yet efficient lipid extraction and high-quality fuel production remains a critical challenge. In this study, biodiesel production from Chlorella vulgaris was investigated through optimized cultivation, lipid extraction and base-catalysed transesterification. Cultivation under nitrogen limitation yielded substantial biomass (1.2 ± 0.2 g/L) with high lipid content (33.8 ± 2.4% dry weight). Subsequent extraction and transesterification processes resulted in efficient conversion of algal lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), with a biodiesel yield of approximately 89.5 ± 3.2%. Comprehensive characterization utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C NMR) confirmed structural integrity, chemical purity, and fuel quality of the produced biodiesel. SEM analysis demonstrated effective disruption of algal cells post-extraction, while FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed complete conversion of triglycerides to methyl esters. GC–MS revealed an ideal fatty acid profile dominated by palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and linolenic (C18:3) methyl esters. Fuel properties, including density, viscosity, cetane number, and acid value, met ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards. Despite promising laboratory-scale outcomes, scalability remains economically challenging, highlighting the necessity of integrated wastewater cultivation and advanced extraction techniques. This study underscores the potential of C. vulgaris biodiesel as a sustainable biofuel alternative, providing a solid analytical foundation for future scale-up research.
Development of Sustainable Low-Cost Building Materials Using Locally Available Resources
Nigeria faces a severe housing deficit of over 25–28 million units, driven by high construction costs and reliance on imported materials. This study explores sustainable, low-cost building materials sourced locally including laterite, bamboo, rice husk ash (RHA), palm kernel shells (PKS), and recycled plastics as alternatives for affordable housing. A multidisciplinary literature-based approach was adopted, integrating civil engineering, environmental science, and architectural perspectives. Results indicate that these indigenous materials can achieve acceptable structural performance (e.g., laterite blocks and RHA-blended concrete reached strengths comparable to conventional materials, and bamboo’s tensile capacity rivals steel). Significant cost savings were identified, with some alternatives up to 30–50% cheaper than traditional materials. Environmentally, these options greatly reduce construction’s carbon footprint by cutting energy use (laterite), sequestering carbon (bamboo), repurposing waste (RHA, PKS), and diverting plastic from pollution. The discussion addresses policy implications, recommending measures like updated building codes, local material incentives, pilot projects (e.g., bamboo housing), and public awareness to overcome adoption barriers. In conclusion, leveraging Nigeria’s abundant local resources for construction is a viable pathway toward more affordable, climate-resilient housing development reducing dependence on costly imports provided that supportive policies, standards, and further research are implemented.
Investigation of Pavement Deterioration Patterns and Maintenance Strategies in Nigerian Road Networks
Nigeria’s road network faces chronic pavement deterioration, prominently featuring potholes, alligator cracking, rutting, surface wear, and other distresses nationwide. This paper rigorously investigates these deterioration patterns, thoroughly analyzing their underlying factors, including axle overloading, inadequate drainage infrastructure, substandard construction materials, poor workmanship, insufficient pavement design, and harsh climatic conditions. Furthermore, it critically evaluates existing pavement management and maintenance practices adopted by Nigerian authorities, specifically the Federal Roads Maintenance Agency (FERMA) and various state public works departments, highlighting key strengths and substantial shortcomings. Utilizing case studies and empirical field data collected from high-traffic corridors and regions with extreme weather, the study illustrates how inadequate structural designs, frequent heavy rainfall, material failures, and maintenance gaps cumulatively accelerate premature road deterioration. The analysis reveals significant deficiencies in funding, planning, institutional coordination, and execution of maintenance strategies. Consequently, the paper proposes evidence-based recommendations aimed at achieving sustainable pavement management, including stringent axle-load regulation, improved drainage designs, higher construction standards, systematic adoption of preventive maintenance programs integrated with Pavement Management Systems (PMS), establishment of dedicated road maintenance funding mechanisms, and enhanced technical capacity and accountability. This structured scholarly investigation aims to inform infrastructure stakeholders and policymakers, advocating effective, proactive strategies to extend pavement service life and ensure safer, economically viable road transport networks in Nigeria.
Investigation of Natural Plant Extracts for Antimicrobial Properties
Natural plant extracts are gaining prominence as potential antimicrobial agents in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. This article provides a comprehensive review of various plant-derived extracts and their bioactive constituents known for antimicrobial effects. Key phytochemicals such as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and organosulfur compounds are surveyed, highlighting their mechanisms of action against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Many plant antimicrobials act by disrupting microbial cell membranes and walls, inhibiting protein or DNA synthesis, and interfering with virulence factors like biofilm formation. Certain extracts exhibit broad-spectrum efficacy, with in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the single-digit µg/mL range against pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli The effectiveness of plant extracts against fungal pathogens (e.g. Candida spp.) and viral infections (e.g. influenza, HIV) is also examined, with compounds like eugenol and epigallocatechin gallate showing inhibitory activity. Applications in medicine, agriculture, and food preservation are discussed such as using phytochemicals to treat drug-resistant infections, as natural crop protectants, or as food preservatives. Recent advances like nano-formulations and synergistic use with antibiotics are presented alongside challenges (e.g. variability in composition, bioavailability, and regulatory hurdles) that must be overcome to translate plant antimicrobials into clinical and commercial use. This plant extracts represent a rich reservoir of antimicrobial compounds with multi-target actions, meriting further research and development for sustainable infectious disease management.
Radiological Risk Assessment of Primordial Radionuclides in Catfish Samples from Commercial Fish Ponds In Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
Fish is a primary protein source for most residents of Osogbo and Nigeria. This study verified the possibility of radioactive contamination in the study region due to catfish consumption. Using gamma spectroscopic assembly, the activity concentrations of the primordial radionuclides Uranium-238 (U-238), Thorium-232 (Th-232) and Potassium-40 (K-40) were assessed in catfish. Thereafter, the committed effective dose resulting from catfish consumption was determined from the measured activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 for the residents of the research region. The projected yearly committed effective doses found in this investigation were less than the public's allowed limit of 1.0 mSv/y, according to the findings. This suggests there is no significant harm to the population's radiological health from the radiation dosage obtained from consuming the examined catfish samples. However, the long-term health risks, particularly from uranium and thorium, remain a concern due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. To mitigate these risks, it is recommended to implement radionuclide monitoring programmes by regulatory bodies and to create public awareness regarding potential risks associated with consumption of fish with elevated radionuclide concentrations.
Statistical Analysis of Open Defecation Practices and their Socioeconomic Determinants in Osun State, Nigeria
Abstract— Open defecation, the act of relieving oneself in open spaces instead of using a toilet, poses significant public health challenges. It contributes to the spread of diseases like diarrhea, typhoid, and cholera, especially in areas where toilets or latrines are underutilized. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing open defecation practices among households in Osun State, Nigeria. Adopting a cross-sectional design, data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between open defecation and education level (χ² = 67.280, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.259), occupation (χ² = 368.189, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.607), and household size (χ² = 182.066, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.427). Ordinal regression analysis indicated that individuals with no formal education were significantly more likely to practice open defecation compared to those with postgraduate education (B = 2.701, p < 0.001). Despite 66.3% of households having toilet facilities, 73.7% reported practicing open defecation, primarily due to water unavailability (31.1%) and lack of functioning facilities (29.4%).
Evaluating the Impact of Transparency in the Enforcement of Land Use Regulatory Frameworks in the Rural-Urban Fringe of Osogbo, Nigeria
The factors affecting the transparency features were; low-efficiency costs on property tax are a critical factor in assessing the transparency and fairness of real estate tax, the nature of the revenue instrument and policy choices or tax administration affect the level of market transparency, high cost to citizens of getting complete information on their total tax burden.
Property Market Transparency and Property Market
Impact An Exploration of Forensic Accounting Practice for Fraud Prevention and Detection in Nigeria Local Governments: Evidence from Southwest
This study examines the impact of forensic accounting on fraud prevention and detection in local governments in Southwest Nigeria. Specifically, it assesses the level of awareness of forensic accounting among local government staff, identifies the factors perceived to hinder the adoption and implementation of forensic accounting in Nigerian local governments, and evaluates the influence of forensic accounting on fraud prevention and detection. A purposive sampling technique was employed to gather data from 414 respondents across 138 local governments in Southwest Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis involved the use of simple percentages, frequencies, means, and ordinary least squares. The results indicate that while the awareness of forensic accounting techniques among local government staff is generally moderate to high, a significant portion of the staff remains inadequately informed. The study identifies several key barriers to the effective implementation of forensic accounting, including inadequate understanding, poor governance structures, and a shortage of qualified professionals. These challenges, compounded by insufficient enforcement of relevant laws and policies, must be addressed to create an enabling environment for the successful application of forensic accounting. Statistical analysis confirms the significant positive impact of forensic accounting on organizational outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that local governments implement targeted awareness campaigns and regular training programs to equip staff with the knowledge and skills necessary for effective forensic accounting practices. Additionally, efforts should be made to address barriers such as inadequate understanding, poor governance, and the lack of qualified professionals, while strengthening internal controls and accountability measures.
Isolation and Identification of Microplastic Degrading Bacteria from Plastic-Polluted Soil
Abstract— Plastic pollution has become a pressing environmental concern due to its widespread presence and persistence in terrestrial ecosystems. This study isolated and identified the microplastic-degrading bacteria from plastic-polluted soils in Osun State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from six zones, and their physicochemical properties, pH, and temperature, were analyzed. Microbial isolation and identification were carried out using morphological and biochemical tests. The pH ranged from 8.2 to 8.8. and the temperature ranged from 25°C to 29.1°C. Microbiological assessments revealed high bacterial counts, with total viable bacterial counts ranging from 2.5 x 106 to 4.0 x 106 CFU/g. Four bacterial strains were isolated: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliticus, and Streptococcus spp. Degradation studies using Bushnell Haas Broth showed that Bacillus amyloliticus and Bacillus subtilis achieved the highest plastic weight loss of 45.0% over eight weeks, followed by Bacillus licheniformis (37.5%) and Streptococcus spp. (30.0%). Bacillus amyloliticus demonstrated rapid degradation, with a 9.0% weight loss within two weeks. The study confirms that Bacillus strains, particularly B. subtilis and B. amylolyticus, are promising candidates for bioremediation of plastic pollution.
Impact of Training and Development Outcomes on Employees’ Performance in Brewery Companies in Southwest, Nigeria
Abstract—This Employee performance is a critical determinant of organizational success, particularly in the brewery industry, where efficiency, quality control, and innovation are essential for maintaining competitiveness. This research investigates the impact of training and development on employee performance within the brewery sector in South-West Nigeria, focusing on how specific job- related knowledge, skill sets, and attitudes contribute to enhanced performance outcomes. This research combines quantitative data from structured survey questionnaires with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews conducted with employees and key personnel across selected brewery companies in the region utilizing a mixed-methods approach. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to ensure representativeness, resulting in a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing employee performance. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between well-structured training programs and improved employee performance metrics, such as productivity, job satisfaction, and innovation. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the direct and indirect effects of training and development on employee performance within the context of the Nigerian brewery sector. It shows the importance of aligning training programs with both organizational cultures to maximize their impact. The research offers practical recommendations for brewery companies to refine their human resource practices, ensuring that training initiatives are effectively tailored to the specific needs and goals of the organization. This study provides a robust framework for enhancing employee performance, supporting the growth and competitiveness of the brewery industry in South- West Nigeria.
Functional And Pasting Properties of Cocoyam-Wheat- Groundnut Flour Blends
The study investigated the effect of the addition of wheat flour with cocoyam and defatted groundnut flour blends for composite flour production. Composite flour was produced from blends of wheat-cocoyam-groundnut flour formulated in the ratio wheat flour: cocoyam flour: groundnut flour: (100:0:0, 90:5:5, 80:10:10, 70:15:15, 60:20:20, 50:25:25, 40:30:30 and 30:35:35). The proximate composition, functional and pasting properties of the composite flour blends was then determined. The protein content of the flour blend ranged from 12.33-29.39% with sample H ((30% wheat flour, 35% cocoyam flour, and 35% groundnut flour) having the highest value. The carbohydrate content of the flour blends decreased with the addition of cocoyam and groundnut flour blends. The water holding capacity of the flour blend ranged from 145.25-186.90%. The oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and bulk density of the flour samples increased with the addition of cocoyam and groundnut flour. However, the pasting viscosity decreased with the increased addition of cocoyam and groundnut flour blends. It was concluded that a composite blend of flour from wheat, cocoyam, and groundnut with satisfactory functional and nutritional values can be produced.
Organisational Agility and Performance: A Study of Osun State Polytechnic Ventures, Iree
This study assessed the organizational agility and performance of Osun State Polytechnic Ventures Iree by looking into how the venture integrates, builds, and reconfigures internal and external competencies to address rapidly changing business environments. The study used a descriptive survey research design with a quantitative approach to explain the aim of the study to the staff of the venture. The data collected through a questionnaire was analyzed and presented using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The study revealed that organizational agility has a positive effect on the venture. This study concludes that a firm's customer agility, its ability to sense and respond quickly to customer-based opportunities for innovation and competitive action, is critical for survival and success. To encourage top management to be strategically sensitive to contribute to overall firm success, firms should involve all employees in decision-making and ensure that everyone in the organization has a sense of belonging. Finally, the study recommends that ventures should adopt strategies that develop resource fluidity for improved organizational agility to improve their performance.
Influence of Product Development Strategy on Economic Self-Reliance of Entrepreneurs in Art and Culture Industry in Osun State
Abstract—This study is premised on investigating the influence of product development on the economic self-reliance of entrepreneurs in the art and culture industry. The study made use of descriptive survey design. The population size is estimated to be 809 artists and players in the cultural industry registered with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. A structured questionnaire was administered on a sample size of 268 respondents. Researchers were able to retrieve 242 filled copies of questionnaire, this represents a return rate of about 90%. Therefore, 242 is the sample size of the study. Mean rating and standard deviation were used to analyze the tabulated data. An Independent sample t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results show that entrepreneurs in Osun State employ product development strategy at the exclusion of screening of new product ideas and test marketing of the new products and that both male and female entrepreneurs differ statistically significantly in their responses on product development strategies. The study recommended that entrepreneurs should always test the marketing phases of the product development plan and give careful consideration to the screening of new product ideas. Further to this, stakeholders in entrepreneurship education should include the significance of product development strategy to the financial viability and independence of enterprises in the formal and informal training programs for aspiring entrepreneurs.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Entrepreneurial Intention of Polytechnic Undergraduates in Osun State, Nigeria
The study investigated the influence of environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of undergraduates in the polytechnics in Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was employed and the study was conducted among 280 undergraduates selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Three null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A questionnaire adapted from literature and designed in 4-Likert format was used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to a panel of experts' validation and reliability test for internal consistency of the instrument yielded a Cronbach alpha of 0.79. Data analysis was based on 260 valid responses with the aid of regression analysis, ANOVA, and t-test for unrelated samples using SPSS version 23. The study found that environmental factor has a significant but negative influence on the entrepreneurial intention of polytechnic undergraduates (p<0.05; ꞵ = -.230). The entrepreneurial intention of the undergraduates was found to significantly differ in favor of engineering and management studies (p>0.05; F=224.035). The study concluded that unfavorable business environmental factors negatively influence the entrepreneurial intention of polytechnic undergraduates. The study, therefore recommended that the Government should rise to its responsibility by providing a favorable political and economic environment that would trigger the development of entrepreneurial intention and passion for entrepreneurship in polytechnic undergraduates in particular.
Advanced Thermal Management Solutions for Automotive Applications
Thermal management poses a critical challenge in modern automotive engineering, particularly as vehicles become increasingly electrified and power dense. Conventional cooling systems are often inadequate under high-load or fast- charging conditions, thereby compromising performance, energy efficiency, and component lifespan. This study evaluates three advanced thermal management strategies phase change materials (PCMs), nanofluid-based coolants, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven control optimization— for their effectiveness in enhancing heat dissipation and thermal regulation in automotive systems. A prototype lithium-ion battery module and powertrain thermal loop were experimentally and computationally tested under realistic thermal loads. Results show that PCMs passively buffer transient thermal surges, reducing peak temperatures by over 15% compared to standard liquid cooling. Nanofluid coolants, incorporating Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, improved heat transfer coefficients by up to 40%, enabling more compact heat exchangers and lower coolant temperatures. Additionally, a model predictive control (MPC) framework reduced cooling system energy consumption by up to 25% through real-time thermal load anticipation and adaptive actuation. Together, these technologies demonstrated improved temperature uniformity, reduced risk of thermal runaway, and significant energy savings. These findings suggest a viable pathway toward integrated, high-efficiency thermal management architectures for next-generation electric and high-performance vehicles.
The Influence of Culture on Accounting Standards and Practices in Multinational Corporations Operating in Nigeria
The convergence of global financial markets has intensified the imperative for harmonized accounting standards, with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) positioned as a cornerstone of financial transparency, comparability, and investor confidence. However, in emerging markets such as Nigeria, cultural dimensions significantly shape the adoption and practical implementation of IFRS, creating a tension between global norms and local institutional realities. This study empirically investigates the influence of key cultural variables power distance, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance on IFRS compliance among multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in Nigeria. Employing a sequential mixed-methods design, data were gathered from 101 finance professionals via structured surveys and supplemented by in-depth interviews with senior executives. The findings reveal heterogeneous levels of compliance, influenced by internal governance, audit independence, and cultural dynamics. Firms with foreign-led management and consistent IFRS training programs exhibit superior adherence to reporting standards, while local managerial hierarchies and conservative disclosure practices present persistent barriers. These results underscore the complex interplay between global accounting frameworks and sociocultural embeddedness, suggesting that effective IFRS implementation in Nigeria necessitates regulatory reinforcement, organizational cultural re-engineering, and sustained capacity development. The study advances the discourse on international accounting harmonization by contextualizing financial reporting within culturally bounded governance environments.
Cyber-Physical Systems for Enhancing Security in Critical Infrastructure: Addressing Nigeria’s Security Challenges
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are increasingly central to the operation of critical, particularly in emerging economies where digital transformation is accelerating amid limited cybersecurity maturity. This study proposes and validates a context-specific, multi layered CPS security and resilience framework tailored to Nigeria’s infrastructural realities. The framework integrates architectural segmentation (based on the Purdue Model), AI-driven anomaly detection using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and resilience engineering practices such as automated failover and safe-state recovery. Using a simulation testbed emulating smart grid and campus energy systems, the framework was benchmarked against traditional and AI-only detection baselines. Results show that the hybrid architecture improves detection accuracy to 97.8%, reduces false positives to under 1%, and decreases Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR) from 7.8 to 1.9 hours. Downtime was reduced by 88.9%, and cost-benefit analysis revealed a 133% return on investment (ROI) within the first year. These gains were validated through historical event logs and economic modeling using avoided-loss estimation. This framework offers a deployable roadmap for enhancing national cyber resilience in resource constrained settings by combining advanced control algorithms, layered defense principles, and contextual policy alignment. It is particularly relevant to sectors like education, energy, and industrial automation, where CPS integration is outpacing security governance. The findings emphasize that a tailored, resilience-by-design approach rooted in real-time analytics and system containment can substantially improve operational continuity and economic sustainability for critical infrastructure operators.
Investigating Societal Attitudes and Barriers to Mental Health Services in Nigeria
Mental health disorders are a significant public health concern in Nigeria, yet the uptake of mental health services remains critically low. This study examines how cultural stigma, healthcare infrastructure challenges, policy gaps, and accessibility issues contribute to barriers in mental health service utilization. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a quantitative survey of 600 adults across diverse regions, in-depth qualitative interviews, and comparative case studies of urban and rural contexts. Survey findings suggested massive negative attitudes about mental illness, along with many barriers to care; for instance, a majority of respondents cited social stigma and fear of discrimination as significant hindrances to accessing treatment. Qualitative interviews offered contextual information with themes around common misunderstandings (i.e. attributing mental illness to spiritual causes), general distrust in healthcare institutions, and economic hardship. The urban-rural case comparison showed glaring inequalities in service availability and cultural perceptions. These findings indicate an urgent need for comprehensive interventions, from public anti-stigma campaigns to policy reforms that integrate mental health into primary care. The study provides evidence-based recommendations to make mental health services more accessible in Nigeria and similar contexts by showing how societal attitudes and systemic hindrances interact.
Analyzing the Impact of Digital Media on Language Usage Among Nigerian Youths
This study investigates the impact of digital media on language usage among Nigerian youths, focusing on code-switching practices, informal digital orthography, and sociolinguistic identity construction. Using a mixed-methods approach comprising a nationwide survey (N = 482), digital content analysis, and semi-structured interviews, the research explores how social media platforms influence linguistic behaviour across urban and rural contexts. Findings reveal a high prevalence of code-switching, particularly between English, Nigerian Pidgin, and indigenous languages, often motivated by identity signaling and contextual intimacy. Youths widely adopt internet slang, abbreviations, and emojis as expressive tools, blurring boundaries between formal and informal registers. While some evidence of textual interference in academic writing was found, many participants demonstrate awareness of context-appropriate language use. Importantly, digital platforms also serve as spaces for reclaiming linguistic identity and reshaping language prestige hierarchies. These findings contribute to theories of mediatization, language hybridity, and identity performance in digital discourse. The study concludes by recommending pedagogical strategies that embrace metalinguistic awareness and advocate for the inclusion of indigenous languages in digital literacy policies. Keywords: Code-switching, Nigerian youth, digital media, internet slang, sociolinguistics, language change, Pidgin English, linguistic identity, mediatization, digital communication
Design and Development of High-Efficiency LED Lighting Systems for Urban Lighting
Urban lighting remains a major source of energy consumption and carbon emissions in cities worldwide. We report the design and deployment of a high- efficiency lighting system based on light-emitting diodes combined with adaptive dimming and sensor-based control. The system integrates real-time environmental sensing and wireless communication to dynamically adjust light output according to traffic, weather, and ambient conditions. In a pilot urban installation, the LED network reduced energy use by 65–70% compared to conventional high-pressure sodium lamps, while improving illumination uniformity and colour rendering. Photometric measurements and user feedback confirmed enhanced visibility and perceived safety, with minimal light pollution. Simulations for city- wide implementation project substantial reductions in electricity costs and carbon emissions. These results demonstrate the viability of scalable, intelligent street lighting infrastructure that aligns with climate mitigation goals and smart city development, offering a pathway to more sustainable and livable urban environments. Keywords LED, Light, Urban, Smart
Development of Affordable and Sustainable Biomass Cook stove for Rural Nigerian Communities
The continued reliance on traditional biomass cookstoves in rural Nigerian communities presents pressing health, environmental, and economic challenges. Inefficient combustion in three-stone fires and conventional stoves contributes to indoor air pollution, leading to high incidences of respiratory illness and accelerated deforestation due to unsustainable firewood consumption. This study presents the development, optimization, and evaluation of an affordable, locally fabricated biomass gasification cookstove engineered to enhance thermal efficiency, reduce harmful emissions, and encourage user adoption. The cookstove integrates forced-air gasification, pre-heated secondary air supply, and high-performance thermal insulation to optimize combustion and maximize heat retention. Performance testing using the Water Boiling Test (WBT) 4.2.3 protocol yielded a thermal efficiency of 42.5 ± 2.1%, significantly outperforming traditional three- stone fires (12%) and natural-draft biomass stoves (25%). Emissions analysis revealed reductions of 78% in PM₂.₅ and 65% in CO compared to traditional cooking methods, bringing emission levels within the World Health Organization indoor air quality thresholds and mitigating household health risks. Field trials across 20 rural households over a three-month period demonstrated 85% adoption rate, with users reporting fuel savings (72%), reduced smoke exposure (68%), and shorter cooking times (60%) as primary benefits. Some challenges like battery recharging for fan and adjustments to traditional cooking habits were identified, yet did not significantly hinder overall acceptance. The stove’s compatibility with multiple biomass fuels (e.g., wood pellets, briquettes, and agricultural residues) further enhances its sustainability and replicability. This research validates the potential of low-cost, high-efficiency gasifier cookstoves to support clean energy transitions in low-resource contexts.
Optimization of Material Procurement Processes in Construction
Procurement inefficiencies manifested through delays, cost overruns, and systemic corruption remain persistent barriers to project success in the construction industry. This study examines the impact of technology adoption on mitigating these challenges using a mixed- methods approach that analyzes survey responses from 127 construction professionals, including project managers, contractors, and procurement officers. Quantitative results indicate that fully integrated digital procurement systems (e.g., AI-enabled platforms) reduce average delays by 73% (1.2 vs. 4.5 weeks for manual systems) and decrease the incidence of severe cost overruns (>30%) by 50% (15% vs. 65%). Corruption was identified as the most prevalent barrier, reported by 60% of participants rising to 82% in public-sector projects. Qualitative findings reveal that partially automated systems often exacerbate inefficiencies due to fragmented tools and lack of interoperability, extending procurement delays by an average of 20%. To address these challenges, the study proposes an integrated AI-Blockchain-IoT procurement framework: AI is used for demand forecasting, blockchain secures contract execution and bidding transparency, and IoT provides real-time tracking of supplier deliveries. Policy recommendations include mandating interoperability standards, piloting blockchain-enabled tendering platforms, and incentivizing digital training for procurement teams. These findings highlight the transformative potential of integrated technologies in enhancing procurement efficiency, curbing corruption, and aligning construction practices with global sustainability and governance standards. The study calls for a shift from reactive procurement models toward proactive, transparent, and data-driven systems.
Passive Cooling Techniques in Building Design for Hot Climates: A Nigerian Perspective
Nigeria’s hot climate ranging from arid northern regions to humid southern zones poses significant challenges for maintaining indoor thermal comfort, especially in the face of rising energy demands and limited access to reliable electricity. This study investigates passive cooling techniques as sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to mechanical air conditioning in Nigerian buildings. Using a mixed-methods approach combining field measurements, computational simulations, and case study evaluations across climate zones, the research evaluates the performance of key strategies including solar shading, natural ventilation, thermal mass utilization, evaporative cooling, and vernacular architectural practices. Results indicate that passive interventions can reduce indoor temperatures by up to 5°C and decrease cooling energy demand by approximately 30–44%. For instance, simulations of office buildings incorporating shading and reflective window films showed 20% reductions in cooling load, rising to 44% when combined with insulation. Typical design features such as courtyards and massive adobe walls in the north or stilted and ventilated structures in the south showed a high performance regarding thermal comfort, while at the same time demonstrating the cultural and environmental appropriateness of autochthonous systems of cooling. These results emphasize the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and climatic relevance of passive cooling and offer architects, engineers, and policy makers a set of evidence-based strategies for building resiliency and energy efficiency. Passive cooling must be incorporated as part of Nigeria building codes and professional practice to cover climate adaptation, energy equity, and sustainable development.
Translating Nigerian Indigenous Literature into English: Challenges and Opportunities
Translating Nigerian indigenous literature into English narrows the cultural gulf and makes Nigeria’s literary heritage available to the world. This article examines the constraints and the possibilities introduced by this process in terms of linguistic challenges naunced idiomatic translation, loss of idiomatic nuance, cultural contexts, etc., and opportunities cultural preservation, cross-cultural interactions, and literary diversification. A mixed methods approach is used, using text analysis of selected indigenous texts and their English translations, semi-structured interviews with translators and authors, and reader surveys. It was revealed by key findings reveal that tonal languages and culturally-specific expressions (proverbs, folklore) pose significant translation difficulties and it often requires creative adaptation or explanatory footnotes. Translator interviews highlight strategies like balancing domestication and foreignization so as to maintain authenticity, while reader surveys as well indicate strong appreciation for culturally rich translations but mixed perceptions on translation quality. The impact of these findings displays the role of translation in preserving endangered languages and enriching the world literary canon. Ultimately, the research offers insights into effective translation strategies that honour the source culture, and it calls for additional scholarly and practical attention to empower indigenous language literature in the global arena.
Design of Efficient Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Using Renewable Energy Sources in Nigeria
The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally is driving demand for sustainable and resilient charging infrastructure, particularly in regions with unreliable grid systems. This study presents a techno- economic framework for designing efficient EV charging stations powered by hybrid renewable energy specifically solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems within the Nigerian context. The system integrates smart charging, battery energy storage, and grid backup to address the country's power reliability challenges. Using HOMER Pro simulation, the study evaluates system performance under varying climatic and economic scenarios. Results show that a hybrid solar-wind system with battery storage can supply over 85% of energy demand, reduce grid dependency, and cut CO₂ emissions by more than 12,500 kg annually. The system achieved a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.172 USD/kWh and a net present cost of $154,230, with a payback period of 6.2 years. These findings demonstrate the viability of renewable-powered EV infrastructure in emerging markets. The study concludes with policy and investment recommendations to scale clean mobility solutions across Nigeria.